夜雨聲煩

很多人提到CMMI4/5的實(shí)施為啥那么難，到底適合中國(guó)軟件公司來運(yùn)行和使用嗎，從今周起我就會(huì)幫助大家來解析CMMI4/5中的內(nèi)容，到底CMMI的高級(jí)別中有沒有干貨可以借鑒，本次解析會(huì)分為15次進(jìn)行，這15次內(nèi)容主要和大家分享：CMMI高級(jí)別的概念、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)思想、OPP組織過程性能、QPM組織性能管理、CAR根因分析、OPM組織性能管理、Minitab的使用、CrystalBall的使用、CMMI4/5實(shí)施案例

那我們第1次，我們先來解析下常見的CMMI高級(jí)別的概念吧

什么是CMMI高成熟度概念呢？

CMMI3屬于定義級(jí)，表示公司剛剛走上成熟管理的道路，尚不完善，主要關(guān)注的是研發(fā)過程一致性管理狀態(tài)程度；

CMMI4屬于量化管理級(jí)，表示公司對(duì)iso三體系認(rèn)證研發(fā)和集成都有了成熟的指標(biāo)體系作為參考，主要關(guān)注的是組織級(jí)（含項(xiàng)目級(jí)）量化數(shù)據(jù)管理狀態(tài)程度。

CMMI5屬于優(yōu)化管理級(jí)，表示公司具備了持續(xù)優(yōu)化改進(jìn)的能力，主要關(guān)注的是商業(yè)目標(biāo)是否能達(dá)成。

如果企業(yè)具備以下幾種能力特征，那就意味著企業(yè)已經(jīng)開始具備CMMI4/5的能力水平了

1.Statistical and other quantitative methods are used, at the organizational and project levels, to understand past and predict future quality and process performance

2.Organizations establish objectives for quality and process performance based on their business objectives

3.Projects establish their objectives based on those of the organization and the customer needs

4.Projects use statistical and quantitative methods in their activities and behaviors to plan, monitor, and control progress against their objectives

5.Organizations use the resulting information to understand process performance, variation, and target areas for continuing improvement, and evaluate the proposed improvement's impact

穩(wěn)定的過程和有能力的過程

Stable Process

The state where all special causes of process variation are removed and prevented from recurring and only common causes of process variation remain.

Process Stability depends on the following:

sufficient support (e.g., process description, measures, tools, and training) for the process

consistent execution of the process

a good fit of the process in its operating context

QA審核的時(shí)候不會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多不符合...

Capable Process

A process that can satisfy its specified product quality, service quality, and process-performance objectives

在這里我們給個(gè)例子，讓大家理解下：如果客戶讓你在9周內(nèi)完成一個(gè)新功能的開發(fā)，同時(shí)你作為項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理也知道在過去的時(shí)間里，開發(fā)一個(gè)這樣的功能大概是8-10周的時(shí)間，你能否做出一個(gè)承諾，你是否能夠識(shí)別相關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？

CMMI4級(jí)術(shù)語解釋

Statistical management 統(tǒng)計(jì)管理：使用各種統(tǒng)計(jì)的技術(shù)和思想去管理（如run charts, control charts, and confidence intervals）

Quantitative management 量化管理：項(xiàng)目可以使用來自于統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)和量化的技術(shù)來管理項(xiàng)目，最終能夠做到：預(yù)測(cè)是否項(xiàng)目能夠達(dá)到量化和過程性能目標(biāo)；識(shí)別合適的糾正措施

Assignable cause (special) Variation：Special causes of process variation (assignable cause)

我們要如何思考Variation呢

1、Is the variation in process performance due to events that are not part of the normal process?

2、Does it represent sudden or persistent abnormal changes in one or more of the process components?

3、Are there signals that the process may not have behaved as it should have? If so, it is time to understand why not and take corrective action if necessary.

CMMI5級(jí)術(shù)語解釋

為什會(huì)有Common Causes of Variation

Common causes are the sources of variation of a process that exist because of normal and expected interactions among the components of a process (i.e., people, machines, material, environment, and methods)

Common causes represent the noise of the process Level 5 addresses common causes of process variation通用原因代表中CMMI5過程的噪音

四級(jí)+五級(jí)的實(shí)施就是找到并消除以下兩種Variation

常見的幾種統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)

1、散點(diǎn)圖Scatter Diagrams

2.Run Charts（這玩意能用來做什么：They can be used to examine both variables and attribute data. 比如隨時(shí)間變化而變化的數(shù)據(jù)，每小時(shí)完成的代碼量、每小時(shí)的百公里車速...）

3.fishbone魚骨圖

4.直方圖

5.Bar Charts

6.Pareto Charts

7.Control Charts:

Focus attention on detecting and monitoring process variation over time. Distinguish special from common causes of variation

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